Osteomusculoskeletal (MSK) Embolization
About
MSK embolization is a minimally invasive interventional radiology procedure designed to relieve chronic joint pain caused by osteoarthritis. It works by selectively blocking the small abnormal blood vessels that contribute to chronic inflammation in the joints. This targeted approach reduces pain and stiffness, improves joint function, and may postpone or prevent the need for surgery. MSK embolization is most commonly used for the knee, shoulder, and hip joints, and is performed under local anesthesia with image guidance. The procedure is safe, well-tolerated, and typically done on an outpatient basis.
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Candidate
Patients with chronic joint pain due to osteoarthritis who have not responded to conservative treatments-such as physical therapy, oral medications, or joint injections-are ideal candidates. It is especially beneficial for patients who are not yet ready or eligible for joint replacement surgery, or those seeking a less invasive option.
Preparation
Before the procedure, patients undergo imaging studies (such as MRI or X-ray) to assess joint damage and inflammation. A consultation with an interventional radiologist is required to evaluate candidacy. Blood tests and a medication review are also part of the preparation process. Fasting may be required a few hours before the procedure.
Treatment
During MSK embolization, the interventional radiologist inserts a small catheter through the groin or wrist and navigates it to the arteries supplying the affected joint. Under fluoroscopic guidance, embolic particles are delivered to block the abnormal vessels, reducing inflammatory signals. The entire procedure usually takes about 1 to 2 hours.
Result
Most patients experience a gradual reduction in joint pain and stiffness over the course of several weeks. Improved function and mobility are common. Clinical studies have shown long-term effectiveness, and many patients delay or avoid joint replacement surgery after undergoing MSK embolization.
Precautions
Although MSK embolization is minimally invasive and generally safe, mild post-procedural pain, bruising, or swelling can occur. Rare risks include infection, non-target embolization, or allergic reaction to contrast material. Patients should avoid strenuous activity for several days and follow up as instructed.
F.A.Q.
Most patients begin to notice pain relief within a few weeks, with continued improvement over the next two to three months.
It offers long-term relief but may not be permanent. The goal is to delay progression and improve quality of life.
Yes, but treatment is typically focused on one joint at a time. Multiple sessions can be planned if needed.
Light physiotherapy is often recommended to enhance results and maintain joint mobility.
MSK embolization is much less invasive, requires no general anesthesia, and has a faster recovery time. However, it is not a substitute for surgery in all cases.
There are no strict age limits, but overall health and imaging findings are important factors in determining eligibility.
They are typically made of biocompatible synthetic materials approved for medical use.
Most patients experience only mild discomfort during the procedure, as it is done under local anesthesia.
Light activity can usually be resumed within a few days, while strenuous activity should be avoided for about a week.
Risks are rare but may include mild post-procedural pain, bruising, swelling, or in very rare cases, infection or unintended embolization.
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