Shoulder dislocation

Types of Shoulder Dislocations

Anterior dislocation is the most common type and occurs when the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) is displaced forward out of the shoulder socket. This type is often caused by trauma or sudden forceful movements. Posterior dislocation happens when the humerus is displaced backwards, which is less common and can result from trauma, seizures, or certain medical conditions that cause muscle spasms. Inferior dislocation is rare and involves the humerus being pushed downward, typically associated with severe trauma or extreme arm positioning.

Symptoms of Shoulder Dislocation

Symptoms of shoulder dislocation vary depending on the type and severity of the dislocation. The most immediate symptom is sudden, intense pain in the shoulder, often making movement nearly impossible. The shoulder may appear visibly deformed, with a noticeable bulge where the head of the humerus has shifted. Additionally, there is usually a significant reduction in the range of motion, and even slight movements can cause considerable discomfort. Swelling and bruising around the shoulder joint develop rapidly. Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arm, hand, or fingers may occur due to nerve compression or damage. Muscle spasms around the shoulder joint are common as the body tries to protect and stabilize the injured area.

Diagnosing Shoulder Dislocation

To diagnose a shoulder dislocation, healthcare providers evaluate the patient's symptoms and medical history and may conduct physical and neurological examinations. Imaging tests such as X-rays or MRIs are often employed to confirm the dislocation and assess any associated damage to the surrounding structures.

Treatment Options

Treatment for shoulder dislocation varies based on the type and severity of the dislocation. Immediate care involves keeping the shoulder as still as possible using a sling or any available support and applying ice to reduce swelling and pain. For long-term management, a healthcare professional performs a procedure called closed reduction to gently maneuver the humerus back into the socket, usually under sedation or local anesthesia. After the shoulder is relocated, it is typically immobilized with a sling or brace for several weeks. Pain management is crucial, with over-the-counter pain relievers or prescribed medications helping to alleviate discomfort. As healing progresses, physical therapy becomes essential to restore strength, flexibility, and range of motion. A tailored exercise program supports gradual recovery and helps prevent future dislocations. In cases of recurrent dislocations or severe damage, surgical options such as Bankart repair, Latarjet procedure, or capsular shift may be considered, followed by a structured physical therapy program.

When to See a Doctor

Medical attention should be sought if you experience sudden, severe shoulder pain or if the shoulder appears deformed. Immediate care is critical for proper diagnosis and treatment. If you have recurrent dislocations, persistent pain, or difficulty moving the shoulder despite treatment, consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation and management.