Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition caused by pressure on the median nerve within the carpal tunnel – a narrow passage in the wrist area. This compression can lead to pain, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers. It most commonly affects individuals who perform repetitive hand movements for long periods, such as typing, using tools, or playing musical instruments. The syndrome can also be linked to hormonal changes, inflammatory conditions, and anatomical variations.
Symptoms
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Tingling, burning, or numbness in the fingers (especially the thumb, index, and middle fingers)
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Weakness in the hand, difficulty gripping objects
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Nighttime pain and stiffness in the wrist and fingers
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Reduced sense of touch in affected fingers
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Worsening symptoms with repetitive hand movements
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made through a clinical examination, where the doctor tests hand strength and sensitivity. Common tests include Phalen’s test (bending the wrist) and Tinel’s test (tapping the median nerve). Electromyography and nerve conduction studies (EMG/NCS) are key diagnostic tools used to assess nerve function and confirm carpal tunnel syndrome.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms. Mild cases can be managed with wrist splints, stretching exercises, anti-inflammatory medications, and modifications to work habits. In more severe cases, where conservative treatment fails, corticosteroid injections or surgical intervention (carpal tunnel release) may be recommended to relieve pressure on the nerve.
When to See a Doctor
A doctor should be consulted if symptoms persist for more than a few weeks, if nighttime pain worsens, or if there is a loss of strength and dexterity in the hand, which can interfere with daily activities and lead to permanent nerve damage.